BIOREMEDIATION OF POLLUTED KAMLA RIVER WATER BY PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES

The increasing need for remediation of contaminated sites has led to the development new technologies that emphasize on biological detoxification anddestructionofthe(organic)contaminants.Bioremediationisamongthesetechnologiesthatdestroyorrenderharmlessvariouscontaminants,usingthebiologicalactivityofcertainmicroorganisms[1].Needlesstosaythatasbioremediationactuallyreliesonthemicrobialgrowthandactivity,itseffectivenessishighlydependentontheappliedenvironmentalparametersthatinfluencethemicrobialgrowthandthedegradationrate.Bioremediationtechnologiescanbeclassifiedintotwogeneralcategories:exsituandinsitu.Theexsitutechniquesarethosethatrequirethe physical removal material and its transportation another area further treatment, example, by bioreactors, landfarming composting. insitute chnologies are those involve treatment in place, bioventing, biostimulation biopiling. Overall, bioremediation isconsideredasaverypromisingtechnologywithgreatpotentialwhendealingwithcertaintypesofcontaminatedsites.Sofar,ithasbeenusedatanincreasingnumberofsitesworldwide,includingEurope,withvaryingsuccess.Theapplicationofbioremediationandphytoremediationofferssignificantbenefitstoenvironmentalpollutionabatementand,moreimportantly,tohumanhealthhowever,theriskofadversehealtheffectsmaybepresentduetothevariabilityofcontaminantsandtheirpossiblebiotransformationtowardnotcontrolledmetabolites.Therefore,specificcontrolproceduresshouldalsotakeplace.